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Displaying 1 - 20 of 49 results
The Leningrad Codex
Rediscovering the oldest complete Hebrew Bible
Even though the city has changed its name back to St. Petersburg, the book is still called the Leningrad Codex. It’s the oldest complete manuscript of the Hebrew Bible in the world. Since glasnost—remember that?—we have been able to...
Bible Review, August 1997
“Spinning” the Bible
How Judaism and Christianity shape the Canon differently
Most people think that the Old Testament and the Hebrew Bible are two names for the same thing. Actually, they are quite different, as I shall show—even though all of the books of the Hebrew Bible are indeed included in the Old Testament:...
Bible Review, June 1998
Jubilees
How it rewrote the Bible
The book of Jubilees belongs to a category of literature that contemporary scholars designate by the pleasantly vague tag “the Rewritten Bible.”1 The author of the book, like a number of other ancient Jewish writers, found it convenient to...
Bible Review, December 1992
What’s Critical About a Critical Edition of the Bible?
Although not widely known, all printed Hebrew Bibles in common use today contain textual difficulties, corruptions and—yes—even errors. Modern translations tend to smooth out difficulties in the original Hebrew. Occasionally some translations...
Biblical Archaeology Review, November/December 2013
Keep Each Tradition Separate
As one of those “reluctant” scholars whom Professor Hendel describes as “all too often averse” to creating an eclectic text of the Hebrew Bible, I would like to clarify that my reluctance stems not from any aversion, but from long experience...
Bible Review, August 2000
The Dead Sea Scrolls and the New Testament
What do the Dead Sea Scrolls tell us about the New Testament? One possible answer is: Nothing. The scrolls were associated with a relatively small group, or, rather, with several small groups.a Other Jewish people, like the first Christians,...
Biblical Archaeology Review, March/April 2015
The Dead Sea Scrolls: How They Changed My Life
35 Scrolls Still in Private Hands By James H. Charlesworth In 1954, at the age of 14, I was living with my family in Delray Beach, Florida. I would spend summers exploring the Everglades in my kayak, wondering wide-eyed at the alligators and...
Biblical Archaeology Review, September/October 2007
The Dead Sea Scrolls and Early Christianity: Part One
How are they related?
Almost from the moment the first Dead Sea Scrolls came under scholarly scrutiny, the question of their relation to early Christianity became a key issue. The early days of Qumrana research produced some spectacular theories regarding the...
Bible Review, December 1991
Were living Children Sacrificed to the Gods? Yes
The thousands of individual burials, the several mass burials and the animal burials all demonstrate that these were sacrificial offerings to the gods.
The evidence that Phoenicians ritually sacrificed their children comes from four sources. Classical authors and biblical prophets charge the Phoenicians with the practice. Stelae associated with burial urns found at Carthage bear decorations...
Archaeology Odyssey, November/December 2000
“An Enormous Horde Arrayed for Battle”
Locusts in the Book of Joel
We call them “acts of God”—the natural disasters over which we have no control. They fill us with fright and awe: fright at the possible human toll, and awe at the enormous force of...
Bible Review, August 1990
Mendenhall Disavows Paternity
Says he didn’t father Gottwald’s Marxist theory
Israel emerged as a people just before the period of the Judges, at the end of what archaeologists call the Late Bronze Age (1550–1200 B.C.) and the beginning of Iron Age I (1200–1000 B.C.)—the time when the Israelite tribes settled in the...
Bible Review, Summer 1986
Of Fathers, Kings and the Deity
The nested households of ancient Israel
Ancient Israelite society was structured in a way that few of us in modern times experience. Its focus was on family and kin...
Biblical Archaeology Review, March/April 2002
Buy Low, Sell High: The Marketplace at Ashkelon
Ashkelon—an ancient city whose name comes from the same root as shekel—was indeed a city of buying and selling. If archaeologists were to design a place to examine the economy of the ancient world, they could hardly pick a better site...
Biblical Archaeology Review, January/February 2014
The Song of Deborah—Why Some Tribes Answered the Call and Others Did Not
The Song of Deborah (Judges 5) is one of the most powerful pieces of poetry in the entire Bible. A prose version repeats the same story, with many variations, in Judges 4. The account tells of the deliverer (Judge) Deborah and her reluctant...
Biblical Archaeology Review, January/February 1989
When Canaanites and Philistines Ruled Ashkelon
Ashkelon. The summer of 1990. The sixth season of the Leon Levy Expedition, sponsored by the Harvard Semitic Museum. In the waning days of the season, on the outskirts of the Canaanite...
Biblical Archaeology Review, March/April 1991
The Dead Sea Scrolls and Early Christianity: Part Two
What they share
Many of the ritual and community practices of the Qumran covenanters, who lived near the Dead Sea and who produced what we call the Dead Sea Scrolls, have impressive parallels among New Testament Christians. Here are just a few: Acts...
Bible Review, February 1992
The Shechem Temple
Where Abimelech Massacred a Thousand
In the time of Abimelech, a powerful warrior in early Israel, great events occurred in a fortified temple in Shechem. I believe that temple was found in an excavation at Shechem more...
Biblical Archaeology Review, July/August 2003
Jerusalem as Eden
For ancient Israel, the Temple of Solomon—indeed, the Temple Mount and all Jerusalem—was a symbol as well as a reality, a mythopoeic realization of heaven on earth, Paradise, the Garden of Eden. After King David’s conquest of Jerusalem, the...
Biblical Archaeology Review, May/June 2000
Bible Books: The Oldest Text of the Hebrew Bible
Biblia Hebraica Leningradensia
Edited by Aron Dotan
Bible Review, October 2001
The Bible Within the Bible
Some think that congregations should be more critical in selecting scripture readings. They insist upon creating a canon within the canon. But this bases the authority of the Bible not on the Bible itself, but on the Bible as read by a particular communit
Bible Review, February 1997